Indianapolis, Indiana

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Indianapolis (Template:IPAc-en^[1]^[2]^[3]) is the capital of the U.S. state of Indiana and the seat of Marion County. It is located in the East North Central region of the Midwest, near the confluence of the White River and Fall Creek. The city covers 372 square miles (963.5 km²) and had an estimated population of 848,788 in 2014, making it the largest city in Indiana, second largest in the Midwest, and 14th largest in the U.S.^[4]^[5] Approximately 1,971,274 people live in the Indianapolis metropolitan area (MSA), the 33rd most populous MSA in the U.S. Its combined statistical area (CSA) ranks 26th, with a population of 2,336,237.

Founded in 1821 as a planned city for the new seat of Indiana's state government, Indianapolis was platted by Alexander Ralston and Elias Pym Fordham on a Template:Convert grid. The city grew beyond the Mile Square, as the advent of the railroad and completion of the National Road solidified the city's role as a manufacturing and transportation hub. Indianapolis continues to be a distribution and logistics center, as more interstate highways intersect with the city than any other in the U.S.^[6]^[7] This has led to the city's nickname as the Crossroads of America.^[8] Three Fortune 500 and several Fortune 1000 companies are based in the city, along with a robust sport tourism and convention industry, contributing to a gross domestic product (GDP) of $125.8 billion in 2014.^[9]^[10]^[11] Indianapolis hosts many notable events annually, including the largest single-day sporting event in the world, the Indianapolis 500.^[7] As headquarters for the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), the city frequently hosts the Men's and Women's basketball tournaments.^[7] It hosted Pan American Games X in 1987 and Super Bowl XLVI in 2012.^[12]

The city's philanthropic community has been instrumental in the development of its most well-known cultural institutions, including The Children's Museum of Indianapolis, Indianapolis Museum of Art, Indianapolis Zoo, Eiteljorg Museum of American Indians and Western Art, Indiana State Museum, and Indiana Landmarks.^[7]^[13]^[14] Indianapolis-based Lilly Endowment holds the fifth largest endowment in the U.S., with nearly $10 billion in assets.^[15] The city maintains the largest collection of monuments dedicated to veterans and war dead in the U.S., outside of Washington, D.C.^[16]^[17] Since the 1970 city-county consolidation, known as Unigov, local government administration has operated under the direction of an elected 25-member city-county council, headed by the mayor. Indianapolis is considered a "high sufficiency" global city.^[18]

History

Template:Main In 1816, the year Indiana gained statehood, the U.S. Congress donated four sections of federal land to establish a permanent seat of state government.^[19] Two years later, under the Treaty of St. Mary's (1818), the Delaware relinquished title to their tribal lands in central Indiana, agreeing to leave the area by 1821.^[20] This tract of land, which was called the New Purchase, included the site selected for the new state capital in 1820.^[21]

The availability of new federal lands for purchase in central Indiana attracted settlers, many of them descendants of families from northwestern Europe. Although many of these first European and American setters were Protestants, a large proportion of the early Irish and German immigrants were Catholics. Few African Americans lived in central Indiana before 1840.^[22] The first European Americans to permanently settle in the area that became Indianapolis were either the McCormick or Pogue families. The McCormicks are generally considered to be the town's first permanent settlers; however, some historians believe George Pogue and family may have arrived first, on March 2, 1819, and settled in a log cabin along the creek that was later called Pogue's Run. Other historians have argued as early as 1822 that John Wesley McCormick, his family, and employees became the first European American settlers in area, settling near the White River in February 1820.^[23]

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Map of Indianapolis in 1831.

On January 11, 1820, the Indiana General Assembly authorized a committee of ten commissioners to select a site in central Indiana for the new state capital.^[24] The state legislature appointed Alexander Ralston and Elias Pym Fordham to survey and design a town plan for Indianapolis, which was platted in 1821.^[25] Ralston had been a surveyor for the French architect Pierre L'Enfant, and assisted him in laying out the plan for Washington, D.C.^[26] Ralston's original plan for Indianapolis called for a town of Template:Convert. Indianapolis became a seat of county government on December 31, 1821, when Marion County, Indiana, was established. A combined county and town government continued until 1832, when Indianapolis incorporated as a town. Indianapolis became an incorporated city effective March 30, 1847. Samuel Henderson, the city's first mayor, lead the new city government, which included a seven-member city council. In 1853 voters approved a new city charter that provided for an elected mayor and a fourteen-member city council. The city charter continued to be revised as Indianapolis expanded.^[27] Effective January 1, 1825, the seat of state government relocated to Indianapolis from Corydon, Indiana, and the Indiana General Assembly's first session in the new state capital began on January 10, 1825. In addition to state government offices, a U.S. district court was established at Indianapolis in 1825.^[28]

The became a fixture on the first major federally-funded highway in the U.S., the National Road.^[29] The first railroad to serve Indianapolis, the Madison and Indianapolis, began operation on October 1, 1847, and subsequent railroad connections fostered growth. Indianapolis was the home of the country's first Union Station, or common rail passenger terminal.

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Confederate POWs at Camp Morton in 1864.

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The Marion County Courthouse in 1889.

During the American Civil War, Indianapolis was loyal to the Union cause. Governor Oliver P. Morton, a major supporter of President Abraham Lincoln, quickly made Indianapolis a rallying place for Union army troops. On February 11, 1861, president-elect Lincoln arrived in the city, en route to Washington, D.C. for his presidential inauguration, marking the first visit from a president-elect in the city's history.^[30] On April 16, 1861, the first orders were issued to form Indiana's first regiments and establish Indianapolis as a headquarters the state's volunteer soldiers.^[31]^[32] Within a week, more than 12,000 recruits signed up to fight for the Union.^[33]

Indianapolis became a major railroad hub and transportation center during the war, establishing the city as an important military base.^[34]^[35] An estimated 4,000 men from Indianapolis served in 39 regiments, and an estimated 700 died during the war.^[36] On May 20, 1863, Union soldiers attempted to disrupt a statewide Democratic convention at Indianapolis, forcing the proceedings to be adjourned, sarcastically referred to as the Battle of Pogue's Run.^[37] Fear turned to panic in July 1863, during Morgan's Raid into southern Indiana, but Confederate forces turned east toward Ohio, never reaching Indianapolis.^[38] On April 30, 1865, Lincoln's funeral train made a stop at Indianapolis, where an estimated crowd of more than 100,000 people passed the assassinated president's bier at the Indiana Statehouse.^[35]^[39]

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The inaugural Indy 500 in 1911.

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Indianapolis Street Car Strike of 1913.

At the turn of the 20th century, Indianapolis had become a large automobile manufacturer. With roads leading out of the city in all directions, Indianapolis became a major hub of regional transport connecting to Chicago, Louisville, Cincinnati, Columbus, Detroit, Cleveland, and St. Louis, befitting the capital of a state whose nickname is the Crossroads of America. The Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument, dedicated on May 15, 1902, would later become the city's unofficial symbol.^[40] The inaugural Indianapolis 500-Mile Race (Template:Cvt) was held May 30, 1911 at Indianapolis Motor Speedway. The Indianapolis Street Car Strike of 1913 and subsequent police mutiny and riots was a breakdown in public order lasting one week. The strike led to the creation of the state's earliest labor-protection laws, including a minimum wage, regular work weeks, and improved working conditions.^[41]

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Robert F. Kennedy delivers a speech in the wake of the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. in 1968.

Indianapolis served as a stop on the Underground Railroad, and up to the time of the Great Migration in the early 20th century, the city had a higher black population (nearly 10%) than any other city in the Northern States.^[42] Led by D. C. Stephenson, the Indiana Klan became the most powerful political and social organization in Indianapolis from 1921 through 1928, controlling City Council, the Board of School Commissioners, and the Board of County Commissioners. More than 40% of the native-born white males in Indianapolis claimed membership in the Klan. Race relations would continue to be a problem throughout the 20th century. Though Indianapolis abolished segregated schools before Brown vs. Board of Education, the later action of court-ordered school desegregation busing by Judge Samuel Hugh Dillin proved controversial. On April 4, 1968, Robert F. Kennedy delivered a speech from the city, urging calm after the assassination of civil rights leader Martin Luther King, Jr.^[43]^[44]

Under the mayoral administration of Richard Lugar, the city and county governments restructured, consolidating most public services into a new entity called Unigov. The plan removed redundancies, captured an increasingly suburban tax base, and created a Republican political machine that dominated Indianapolis politics until the 2000s.^[45] On January 1, 1970, Indianapolis became the 11th-most populous city in the U.S. Amid the changes in government and growth, the city invested in an aggressive strategy to brand Indianapolis as a sport tourism destination. Under the administration of the city's longest-serving mayor, William Hudnut (1976–1992), millions of dollars were poured into sport facilities.^[12] Between 1979 and 1991, $122 million in public and private funding built the Indianapolis Tennis Center, Major Taylor Velodrome, Indiana University Natatorium, Carroll Track and Soccer Stadium, and RCA Dome.^[12] The latter project secured the 1984 relocation of the NFL Baltimore Colts and the 1987 Pan American Games.^[12] The economic development strategy succeeded in revitalizing the central business district through the 1990s, with the openings of the Indianapolis Zoo (1988), Circle Centre Mall (1995), Victory Field (1996), and Bankers Life Fieldhouse (1999).

Entering the 21st century, the city and state continued investing heavily in infrastructure projects, including two of the largest building projects in the city's history: the $1.1 billion Col. H. Weir Cook Terminal and $720 million Lucas Oil Stadium.^[46]^[47]

Geography

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The tomb of James Whitcomb Riley in Crown Hill Cemetery overlooks the city, at an elevation of Template:Convert.^[48]

Indianapolis is in the East North Central region of the Midwestern United States, in Central Indiana. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the Indianapolis (balance), or portion of Marion County that is not part of another municipality, has a total area of Template:Convert–Template:Convert of which is land and Template:Convert is water. However, these figures do not represent the entire consolidated City of Indianapolis, whose total area covers about Template:Convert Template:Citation needed and includes all of Marion County, with the exception of four communities: Beech Grove, Lawrence, Southport, and Speedway.^[49]

Indianapolis lies in the Southern Great Lakes forests ecoregion, as defined by the World Wildlife Fund. Two natural waterways dissect the city: the White River and Fall Creek. Until the city's settlement and land-clearing efforts in the 19th century, a mix of deciduous forests and prairie covered much of the area.

Land within the city limits varies from flat to gently sloping, with variations in elevation from Template:Convert to Template:Convert. The city's mean elevation is Template:Convert. Its highest point at Template:Convert above sea level is in the northwest corner Template:Convert south of the Boone County line and Template:Convert east of the Hendricks County line.^[50] Prior to the implementation of Unigov, the highest point was at the tomb of famed Hoosier poet James Whitcomb Riley in Crown Hill Cemetery, with an elevation of Template:Convert.^[48] The lowest point, an approximate elevation of Template:Convert, lies to the south at the Marion County–Johnson County line. The city's highest hill is Mann Hill, a bluff along the White River in Southwestway Park that rises nearly Template:Convert above the surrounding landscape. Indianapolis has a few moderately sized bluffs and valleys within the city, particularly along the waterways of the White River, Fall Creek, Geist Reservoir, and Eagle Creek Reservoir, and especially on the city's northeast and northwest sides.Template:Citation needed

Cityscape

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The original Mile Square plat by Alexander Ralston.

The original plan of Indianapolis was a Template:Convert area, platted in 1821. This area, known as the Mile Square, is bounded by East, West, North, and South streets, with a circular street at Monument Circle, originally called Governor's Circle, in the city's center.^[51] The original grid included the four diagonal streets of Massachusetts, Virginia, Kentucky, and Indiana avenues, which extend outward, beginning in the city block just beyond the Circle.^[52] Other major streets in the Mile Square are named after states that were part of the Union when Indianapolis was initially planned (1820–21) and Michigan, at that time a U.S. territory bordering Indiana to the north.^[53] Notable exceptions to the city's street names include: Washington Street, an east–west street named in honor of George Washington or possibly in reference to Washington, D.C., the city on which the original plan of Indianapolis is based; Meridian Street, the north–south street that aligns with the 86W degree longitude, or meridian, and intersects the Circle; and Market Street, which intersects Meridian Street at Monument Circle and is named in the original design for the two city markets planned for the east and west sides of town.^[54] Tennessee and Mississippi streets were renamed Capitol and Senate avenues in 1895.^[55] State government buildings, including the Indiana Statehouse, the Indiana Government Center North, and the Indiana Government Center South are west of the Circle, along these two major north–south streets. The city's street-numbering system begins one block south of the Circle, where Meridian Street intersects Washington Street (a part of the historic National Road).Template:Citation needed

High-rise construction in Indianapolis started in 1888 with the Template:Convert Indiana Statehouse, followed by the Template:Convert Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument in 1898. However, because of a special ordinance disallowing building higher than the structure, the monument remained the highest structure until completion of the City-County Building in 1962. In the 1970s, economic activity decreased in the central business district, and downtown Indianapolis saw little new construction. By the 1980s, the city of Indianapolis reacted by developing plans to redefine the city's downtown and neighborhoods. New skyscrapers included the OneAmerica Tower (1982) and Chase Tower (1990).

Climate

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Indianapolis lies in the humid continental climate zone (Köppen: Dfa), experiencing four distinct seasons.^[56] The city is located in USDA hardiness zones 5b and 6a.^[57] Summers are warm to hot and humid, with a July daily average temperature of Template:Convert. High temperatures reach or exceed Template:Convert an average of 18 days each year,^[58] and occasionally exceed Template:Convert. Spring and autumn are usually pleasant, if at times unpredictable; midday temperature drops exceeding Template:Convert are common during March and April, and instances of very warm days (Template:Convert) followed within 36 hours by snowfall are not unusual during these months. Winters are cold, with an average January temperature of Template:Convert. Temperatures dip to Template:Convert or below an average of 4.7 nights per year.^[58]

The rainiest months occur in the spring and summer, with slightly higher averages during May, June, and July. May is typically the wettest, with an average of Template:Convert of precipitation.^[58] Most rain is derived from thunderstorm activity; there is no distinct dry season, although occasional droughts occur. The city's average annual precipitation is Template:Convert, with snowfall averaging Template:Convert per season. Official temperature extremes range from Template:Convert, set on July 14, 1936,^[59] to Template:Convert, set on January 19, 1994.^[59]^[60]

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Demographics

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Racial composition	2014^[61]	2010^[62]	1990^[63]	1970^[63]
White	62.0%	61.8%	75.8%	81.6%
—Non-Hispanic	58.6%	58.6%	75.2%	80.9%^[64]
Black or African American	27.9%	27.5%	22.6%	18.0%
Hispanic or Latino (of any race)	9.6%	9.4%	1.1%	0.8%^[64]
Asian	2.4%	2.1%	0.9%	0.1%

Indianapolis is the largest city in Indiana, with 12.8 percent of the state's total population.^[65] The U.S. Census Bureau considers Indianapolis as two entities, the consolidated city and the city's remainder, or balance. The consolidated city covers an area known as Unigov and includes all of Marion County except the independent cities of Beech Grove, Lawrence, Speedway, and Southport. The city's remainder, or balance, excludes the populations of eleven semi-independent locales that are included in totals for the consolidated city.^[65] The city's consolidated population for the year 2012 was 844,220.^[65] The city's remainder, or balance, population was estimated at 834,852 for 2012,^[4] a 2 percent increase over the total population of 820,445 reported in the U.S. Census for 2010.^[66]^[67] The city's population density, Template:As of, was 2,270 persons per square mile.^[4]

The Indianapolis metropolitan area in central Indiana consists of Marion County and the adjacent counties of Boone, Brown, Hamilton, Hancock, Hendricks, Johnson, Morgan, Putnam, and Shelby. Template:As of the Indianapolis metro area's population was 1,798,634, the largest in the state.^[68]

The Combined Statistical Area (CSA) of Indianapolis exceeded 2 million in an estimate from 2007, ranking it the twenty-third largest in the United States and seventh in the Midwest.Template:Citation needed As a unified labor and media market, the Indianapolis Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) had a population of 1.83 million in 2010, ranking it the thirty-third largest in the United States and seventh largest in the Midwest.Template:Citation needed

According to the U.S. Census of 2010, 97.2 percent of the Indianapolis population was reported as one race: 61.8 percent White, 27.5 percent Black or African American, 2.1 percent Asian (0.4 percent Burmese, 0.4 percent Indian, 0.3 percent Chinese, 0.3 percent Filipino, 0.1 percent Korean, 0.1 percent Vietnamese, 0.1 percent Japanese, 0.1 percent Thai, 0.1 percent other Asian); .3 percent American Indian, and 5.5 percent as other. The remaining 2.8 percent of the population was reported as multiracial (two or more races).^[67] The city's Hispanic or Latino community comprised 9.4 percent of the city's population in the U.S. Census for 2010: 6.9 percent Mexican, .4 percent Puerto Rican, .1 percent Cuban, and 2 percent as other.^[67]

Due to emigration resulting from the Yugoslav Wars in the 1990s, Indianapolis has more than 10,000 people from the former Yugoslavia.Template:Citation needed

Template:As of, the median age for Indianapolis was 33.7 years. Age distribution for the city's inhabitants was 25 percent under the age of 18; 4.4 percent were between 18 and 21; 16.3 percent were age 21 to 65; and 13.1 percent were age 65 or older.^[67] For every 100 females there were 93 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90 males.^[69]

The U.S. Census for 2010 reported 332,199 households in Indianapolis, with an average household size of 2.42 and an average family size of 3.08.^[67] Of the total households, 59.3 percent were family households, with 28.2 percent of these including the family's own children under the age of 18; 36.5 percent were husband-wife families; 17.2 percent had a female householder (with no husband present) and 5.6 percent had a male householder (with no wife present). The remaining 40.7 percent were non-family households.^[67] Template:As of, 32 percent of the non-family households included individuals living alone, 8.3 percent of these households included individuals age 65 years of age or older.^[67]

The U.S. Census Bureau's 2007–2011 American Community Survey indicated the median household income for Indianapolis city was $42,704, and the median family income was $53,161.^[70] Median income for males working full-time, year-round, was $42,101, compared to $34,788 for females. Per capita income for the city was $24,430, 14.7 percent of families and 18.9 percent of the city's total population living below the poverty line (28.3 percent were under the age of 18 and 9.2 percent were age 65 or older.^[70]

Based on U.S. Census data from the year 2000 for the fifty largest cities in the United States, Indianapolis ranked eighth highest in a University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee study that compared percentages of residents living on black-white integrated city blocks. Latinos, Asians, and Native Americans were not factored into the rankings.^[71]^[72]^[73]

Religion

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Christ Church Cathedral, built in 1857, is Indianapolis' oldest place of worship in continuous use.

Of the 42.42% of the city's residents who identify as religious, Roman Catholics make up the largest group, at 11.31%.^[74] The second highest religious group in the city are Baptists at 10.31%, with Methodists following behind at 4.97%. Presbyterians make up 2.13% of the city's religiously affiliated population, followed by Pentecostals and Lutherans. Another 8.57% are affiliated with other Christian faiths.^[74] 0.32% of religiously affiliated persons identified themselves as following Eastern religions, while 0.68% of the religiously affiliated population identified as Jewish, and 0.29% as Muslim.^[74] According to the nonpartisan and nonprofit Public Religion Research Institute's American Values Atlas, 22% of residents identify as religiously "unaffiliated," in line with the national average of 22.7%.^[75]

Indianapolis is the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Indianapolis, as well as the seat of the Episcopal Diocese of Indianapolis with the Saints Peter and Paul Cathedral and Christ Church Cathedral, respectively.

Economy

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Pharmaceutical giant Eli Lilly and Company was founded in the city in 1876.

Encompassing $125.9 billion, the Indianapolis metropolitan area is the 26th-largest economy in the U.S. and 42nd-largest in the world.^[76] The largest industry sectors by employment in Indianapolis are manufacturing, health care and social services, and retail trade.^[77] Compared to Indiana as a whole, the Indianapolis metropolitan area has a lower proportion of manufacturing jobs and a higher concentration of jobs in wholesale trade; administrative, support, and waste management; professional, scientific, and technical services; and transportation and warehousing.^[77]

Template:As of, three Fortune 500 companies were based in Indianapolis, including Anthem Inc. (38), Eli Lilly and Company (151), and Calumet Specialty Products Partners (457). Fortune 1000 companies based in the Indianapolis metropolitan area included Simon Property Group (529), CNO Financial Group (608), hhgregg (914), and Allison Transmission Holdings (974).^[78] Other notable companies based in Indianapolis include media conglomerate Emmis Communications, retailers Finish Line, Lids, and Marsh Supermarkets, Republic Airways Holdings (including Republic Airlines and Shuttle America),^[79] and restaurant chains Noble Roman's, Scotty's Brewhouse, and Steak 'n Shake.

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Chase Tower, the tallest office building in the city, looms over the Indiana World War Memorial Plaza.

Biotechnology, life sciences, and health care are a major sector of Indianapolis' economy. Besides the presence of Eli Lilly, the North American headquarters for Roche Diagnostics and Dow AgroSciences are located in the city.^[80] A 2014 report by Battelle Memorial Institute and Biotechnology Industry Organization indicated that the Indianapolis–Carmel–Anderson MSA was the only U.S. metropolitan area to have specialized employment concentrations in all five bioscience sectors evaluated in the study: agricultural feedstock and chemicals; bioscience-related distribution; drugs and pharmaceuticals; medical devices and equipment; and research, testing, and medical laboratories.^[81] The regional health care networks of St. Vincent Health, Indiana University Health, Community Health Network, and Franciscan St. Francis Health combine to employ some 43,700 people.^[82]

Indianapolis anchors Central Indiana's extensive transportation and logistics network, home to 1,500 distribution firms, employing 100,000 workers.^[83] Indianapolis International Airport is home to the second-largest FedEx Express hub in the world, employing 6,600.^[84] Other major companies include Celadon Group and United Parcel Service, with distribution centers for companies such as Amazon.com, Coca-Cola, CVS Caremark, Express Scripts, Foxconn, Finish Line, Fastenal, Monarch Beverage, O'Reilly Auto Parts, Ozburn-Hessey Logistics, Pearson Education, Target Corporation, and Walmart.^[85]

Indianapolis' storied history in auto racing has produced more than 500 motorsports companies and racing teams based in the region, employing some 10,000 workers. Italian IndyCar manufacturer Dallara opened in Speedway in 2012. Motorsports teams include Andretti Autosport, Dreyer & Reinbold Racing, CFH Racing, John Force Racing, Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing, Schmidt Peterson Motorsports, Schumacher Racing, Target Chip Ganassi Racing, and Vision Racing.^[86]

Indianapolis is the fourth-fastest high-tech job growth area in the U.S., with 28,500 information technology-related jobs^[87] at such companies as Angie's List, BrightPoint, Interactive Intelligence, and Salesforce Marketing Cloud.^[88]

Business climate

In 2011, Indianapolis ranked sixth among U.S. cities as a retirement destination,^[89] as one of the best Midwestern cities for relocation,^[90] best for rental property investing,^[91] and best in a composite measure that considered local employment outlook and housing affordability.^[92] In 2013 the city ranked as the most cost-competitive market for corporate headquarters facilities in the U.S.,^[93] appeared on Forbes' list of "Best Places for Business and Careers,"^[94] and was named the most affordable housing market in the U.S.^[95] In 2014, Indianapolis was ranked second in best U.S. cities for culture,^[96] and one of the top ten best U.S. cities to start a new career,^[97] In 2015, The Huffington Post ranked Indianapolis seventh in "America's Most Underrated Cities for Millennials" listing.^[98]

Municipal^[99] and state^[100] government agencies offer incentives to startup firms and other small businesses in Indianapolis. Four facilities designated as Indiana Certified Technology Parks are located in the city: CityWay and Downtown Indianapolis Certified Technology Park/Indiana University Emerging Technologies Center, both in the downtown area; Intech Park, in Pike Township; and Purdue Research Park of Indianapolis – Ameriplex, in Decatur Township.^[101]

Culture

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Nightlife in Broad Ripple Village, one of seven designated cultural districts.

In 1999, Indianapolis designated six cultural districts to capitalize on the city's cultural institutions within historically significant neighborhoods unique to the city's heritage. These include Broad Ripple Village, Canal and White River State Park, Fountain Square, Indiana Avenue, Mass Ave, and Wholesale.^[102] A seventh cultural district, Market East, was designated in 2014.^[103] After 12 years of planning and six years of construction, the Indianapolis Cultural Trail: A Legacy of Gene and Marilyn Glick officially opened in 2013.^[104] The $62.5 million public-private partnership resulted in Template:Convert of urban bike and pedestrian corridors connecting six cultural districts with neighborhoods, IUPUI, and every significant arts, cultural, heritage, sports, and entertainment venue downtown.^[105]^[106]^[107]^[108] A study by the Indiana University Public Policy Institute found significant economic impacts from the Cultural Trail, including an increase in assessed property values by over $1 billion between 2008 and 2014.^[108]

Monuments

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The Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument is the unofficial symbol of Indianapolis, depicted on the city's flag.

Other heritage and history attractions

Performing arts

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Indiana Repertory Theatre in 2012.

Museums

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The Children's Museum of Indianapolis is the largest children's museum in the world (2010).^[109]

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Robert Indiana's LOVE at the IMA (2008).

Other points of interest

Conventions

The Template:Convert Indiana Convention Center hosts several notable events annually, including Gen Con, the largest role-playing game convention in the North America (56,600 visitors),^[110] and the FDIC International Conference (35,000). The National FFA Organization Convention is hosted every three years in the city, bringing 55,000 attendees. Other conventions have included Star Wars Celebration II and III, Pokémon U.S. National Championships, and the NFL Experience during Super Bowl XLVI. USA Today named Indianapolis the best convention city in 2014.^[111]

Organizations

Indianapolis has evolved into a center for music. The city hosts Music for All, Inergy, Indy's Official Musical Ambassadors, the Percussive Arts Society, and the American Pianists Association.^[112] Bands of America (BOA), a nationwide organization of high school marching, concert, and jazz bands, is headquartered in the city, along with the international headquarters of Drum Corps International, a professional drum and bugle corps association.

Indianapolis is center for philanthropic foundations and nonprofits. Based in the city, the Lilly Endowment is among the world's largest private philanthropic foundations, with $7.3 billion. Indianapolis contains the national headquarters for 26 fraternities and sororities, many of which are congregated in the College Park area surrounding The Pyramids. Indianapolis has been the headquarters of the Kiwanis International organization since 1982. The organization and its youth-sponsored Kiwanis Family counterparts, Circle K International and Key Club International, administer all their international business and service initiatives from Indianapolis.

Festivals and events

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The 500 Festival parade is one of the nation's largest, regularly drawing 300,000 spectators.^[113]

The International Violin Competition of Indianapolis, Indy Jazz Fest, and the Drum Corps International World Championships are all held in Indianapolis.

The Indianapolis Symphony Orchestra has hosted an annual outdoor summer concert series at Conner Prairie called Marsh Symphony on the Prairie since 1982, featuring a variety of musical styles.^[114]

The city has an arts community that includes many fairs celebrating a wide variety of arts and crafts. They include the Broad Ripple Art Fair, Talbot Street Art Fair, Carmel Arts Festival, Indian Market and Festival, and the Penrod Art Fair.

Every May since 1957, Indianapolis has held the 500 Festival, a month of events including a mini marathon and a festival parade, the latter being the day before the Indianapolis 500. In May 2016, the Indianapolis 500 will celebrate its 100th running.

Indianapolis is also home to the Indiana State Fair as well as the Heartland Film Festival, the Indianapolis International Film Festival, the Indianapolis Theatre Fringe Festival, the Indianapolis Alternative Media Festival, and the Midwest Music Summit.

The Circle City Classic is one of America's top historically African-American college football games. This annual football game, held during the first weekend of October, is the showcase event of an entire weekend. The weekend is a celebration of cultural excellence and educational achievement while showcasing the spirit, energy and tradition of America's historically black colleges and universities.

One of the largest ethnic and cultural heritage festivals in Indianapolis is the Summer Celebration held by Indiana Black Expo. This ten-day national event highlights the contributions of African-Americans to U.S. society and culture and provides educational, entertainment, and networking opportunities to the over 300,000 participants from around the country.

During the month of June, the Indianapolis Italian Street Festival is held at Holy Rosary Church just south of downtown.

Indy's International Festival is held annually in November at the Indiana State Fairgrounds. Local ethnic groups, vendors and performers are featured alongside national and international performers.

Since 2006, in the months of March and October, Midwest Fashion Week^[115]^[116] takes place, promoting both local and national designers. Started by Berny Martin of Catou,^[115]^[116] this event has grown to become a premier event in Indianapolis.

Sports

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The labels of The Amateur Sports Capital of the World and The Racing Capital of the World have both been applied to Indianapolis.^[117] The headquarters of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), the main governing body for U.S. collegiate sports, is located in Indianapolis, as is the National Federation of State High School Associations. The city is home to the headquarters of three NCAA athletics conferences, the Horizon League (Division I), the Great Lakes Valley Conference (Division II), and the Heartland Collegiate Athletic Conference (Division III). The national offices for the governing bodies of several sports are located in Indianapolis, including USA Gymnastics, USA Diving, US Synchronized Swimming, and USA Track & Field.

Indianapolis has hosted numerous sporting events, including the US Open Series' Indianapolis Tennis Championships (1988–2009), the 2002 World Basketball Championships, the Big Ten Football Championship Game (2011–present), Super Bowl XLVI (2012), and the 1987 Pan American Games. Other notable annual sporting events include the Drum Corps International World Championships, and the Music for All Bands of America Grand National Championships. Starting in 2002, Indianapolis began hosting the Big Ten Conference Men's Basketball Tournament at Bankers Life Fieldhouse, alternating years with the United Center in Chicago. From 2008 to 2012, Indianapolis was the sole city to host the tournament. Beginning in 2013, Chicago and Indianapolis began alternating again.^[118] Indianapolis are set to host the Big Ten Conference Men's Basketball Final Four in 2015, and the Women's in 2016.

Indianapolis is home to the OneAmerica 500 Festival Mini-Marathon, the largest half marathon and seventh-largest running event in the U.S.^[119] The mini-marathon is held the first weekend of May as part of the 500 Festival, leading up to the Indianapolis 500. Template:As of, the marathon had sold out for 12 consecutive years, with 35,000 participants.^[120]

Two major league sports teams are based in Indianapolis. The Indianapolis Colts of the National Football League (NFL) have been based in Indianapolis since relocating there in 1984, and play home games in Lucas Oil Stadium. The Indiana Pacers of the National Basketball Association (NBA) play home games at Bankers Life Fieldhouse; they began play in 1967 in the American Basketball Association (ABA) and joined the NBA when the leagues merged in 1976.

Template:Clear

Professional sports teams in Indianapolis
Team	Sport	League	Founded	Venue (capacity)	Attendance	Championships
Indianapolis Colts	Football	NFL	1984	Lucas Oil Stadium (62,000)	65,375^[121]	1(2006) (XLI)
Indiana Pacers	Basketball	NBA	1967	Bankers Life Fieldhouse (18,000)	17,501	3(1970), (1972), (1973)*
Indy Eleven	Soccer	NASL (D2)	2013	IU Michael A. Carroll Stadium (12,100)	10,465	——
Indianapolis Indians	Baseball	IL (AAA)	1902	Victory Field (12,000)	9,433	7**
Indiana Fever	Basketball	WNBA	2000	Bankers Life Fieldhouse (18,000)	7,900	1(2012)
Indy Fuel	Hockey	ECHL	2014	Indiana Farmers Coliseum (6,300)	——	——

* Pacers titles were ABA only.
** Indians seven titles were in 1917, 1928, 1949, 1956, 1988, 1989 and 2000.

Auto racing

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File:2008 Indy 500 video.ogv

The 2008 Indianapolis 500, the 92nd running of the race.

Indianapolis is a major center for automobile racing. Since 1911, Indianapolis Motor Speedway (IMS) has been the site of the Indianapolis 500, an open-wheel automobile race held each Memorial Day weekend on a Template:Convert oval track, the National Championship of open wheel car racing. The series' headquarters and many of its teams are based in the city. Indianapolis is so well connected with racing that it has inspired the name "IndyCar," used for both the competition and type of car used in it.^[122] The Indy 500 is the largest single-day sporting event in the world, hosting more than 257,000 permanent seats.

IMS also hosts NASCAR's highest attended event, the Sprint Cup Series Brickyard 400 (1994–present),^[123] the FIM MotoGP Red Bull Indianapolis Grand Prix (2008–present), and Verizon IndyCar Series Grand Prix of Indianapolis (2014–present). Lucas Oil Raceway at Indianapolis in nearby Hendricks County, is home to the NHRA U.S. Nationals, the largest drag racing event in the world, held annually each Labor Day weekend.

Parks and recreation

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Canoeing at Eagle Creek Park, one of the largest municipal parks in the U.S.^[124]

Template:Details Indy Parks and Recreation maintains nearly 200 parks covering Template:Convert.^[125] Eagle Creek Park is the largest municipal park in the city and ranks among the largest urban parks in the U.S.^[124] Other notable parks include Broad Ripple, Brookside, Ellenberger, Garfield, Military, and University. The city also operates more than a dozen nature preserves, such as Skiles Test Nature Park. Two state parks are located in Marion County: Fort Harrison State Park near Lawrence and White River State Park downtown. In addition to the Cultural Trail, the city has developed several recreational trails. The Monon Trail and Pennsy Trail are rail trails, while others follow the White River, Fall Creek, Pleasant Run, and Pogue's Run. Town Run Trail Park offers trails for mountain biking.

According to the Trust for Public Land's 2015 ParkScore Index, Indianapolis ranks 73rd of the 75 largest U.S. cities in accessibility to public parks and open space, with some 67% of residents under served.^[126]

Indianapolis has an urban forestry program that has been recognized by the National Arbor Day Foundation's Tree City USA standards since 1988. The city's Youth Tree Program plants 2,000 trees each year.^[127]

Law and government

Template:Main Indianapolis has a consolidated city-county government known as Unigov. Under this system, many functions of the city and county governments are consolidated, though some remain separate. The city has a mayor-council form of government.

The executive branch is headed by an elected mayor, who serves as the chief executive of both the city and Marion County. The current Mayor of Indianapolis is Democrat Joseph H. Hogsett. The mayor appoints deputy mayors, city department heads, and members of various boards and commissions. The legislative body for the city and county is the City-County Council, consisting of 25 members all of whom represent geographic districts. Following the 2015 elections, Democrats held a 13–12 majority over Republicans. The council passes ordinances for the city and county and also makes appointments to certain boards and commissions.

With the exception of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Indiana, all of the courts of law in Indianapolis are part of the Indiana state court system. The Marion Superior Court is the court of general jurisdiction. The 35 judges on the court hear all criminal, juvenile, probate, and traffic violation cases, as well as most civil cases. The Marion Circuit Court hears certain types of civil cases. Small claims cases are heard by Small Claims Courts in each of Marion County's nine townships. The Appeals Courts and the Indiana Supreme Court meet in the Indiana Statehouse.

Most of Indianapolis is within the 7th Congressional District of Indiana, represented by Democrat André Carson. Northern portions of the city are in the 5th District, represented by Republican Susan Brooks.^[128]

Politics

Until the late-1990s, Indianapolis was considered to be one of the most conservative metropolitan areas in the U.S., but this trend has reversed recently. Republicans had held the majority in the City-County Council for 36 years, and the city had a Republican mayor for 32 years (1967–1999).^[45] Unigov's absorption of Republican-leaning townships outside the city proper is considered the reason for this shift.^[45] More recently, Republicans have generally been stronger in the southern and western parts (Decatur, Franklin, Perry, and Wayne, townships) of the county, whereas Democrats have been stronger in the central and northern parts (Center, Pike, and Washington townships). Republican and Democratic prevalence is split in Warren and Lawrence townships.^[129]

In the 2008 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama earned 64% of voter support in Marion County, compared with 35% for Republican John McCain.^[130] In the 2012 presidential election Obama again performed strongly, defeating Republican presidential challenger Mitt Romney 60% to 38%.

Republican Greg Ballard chose not to run for re-election in the 2015 mayoral election.^[131] Vying to replace him was Republican Chuck Brewer and Democrat Joe Hogsett. The candidates had similar plans for addressing the city's issues, and the commonality between them contributed to a very low voter turnout.^[132] Hogsett had previously held public office in Indiana as Secretary of State, and had served in government for over 30 years, giving him greater name recognition than Brewer, a local restaurateur.^[133] Hogsett was elected with 63% of the vote, officially taking office on January 1, 2016.^[133] The election also left Democrats in control of the City-County Council, only the second time since the creation of Unigov that Democrats controlled both the mayor's office and council.^[134]

Public safety

File:Indianapolis Metropolitan police cruiser 1.jpg

An IMPD cruiser in 2008.

The Indianapolis Fire Department provides fire protection services for six townships in Marion County (Washington, Lawrence, Center, Warren, Perry, and Franklin), plus portions of the other three townships including Indianapolis' pre-Unigov boundaries. Indianapolis and Marion County historically maintained separate police agencies: the Indianapolis Police Department and Marion County Sheriff's Department. On January 1, 2007, a new agency, the Indianapolis Metropolitan Police Department, was formed by merging the two departments. IMPD is a separate agency, as the Sheriff's Department maintains jail and court functions. IMPD has jurisdiction over those portions of Marion County not explicitly covered by the police of an excluded city or by a legacy pre-Unigov force. As of March 29, 2016, IMPD is headed by Troy Riggs, the chief of police who reports directly to the mayor. IMPD was formerly under the leadership of the Sheriff of Marion County, Frank J. Anderson prior to his retirement in January 2011. The Sheriff remains in charge of the County Jail and security for the City-County Building, service of warrants, and certain other functions. The Sheriff must be consulted, but does not have final say, on the appointment of the public safety director or police chief.^[135]

Crime

In the late 1990s, violent crimes in inner city neighborhoods located within the pre-Unigov city limits peaked. The former Indianapolis Police District (IPD), which serves about 37 percent of the county's total population and has a geographic area covering mostly the old pre-consolidation city limits, recorded 130 homicides in 1998 to average approximately 40.3 homicides per 100,000 people. This is over six times the 1998 national homicide average of 6.3 per 100,000 people.Template:Citation needed Meanwhile, the former Marion County Sheriff's Department district serving the remaining 63% of the county's population, which includes the majority of the residents in the Consolidated City, recorded only 32 homicides in 1998, averaging about 5.9 murders per 100,000 people, slightly less than the 1998 national homicide average. Homicides in the IPD dropped dramatically in 1999 and have remained lower through 2005. In 2005, the IPD recorded 88 homicides to average 27.3 homicides per 100,000 people; nonetheless, the murder rate in the IPD is still almost 5 times the 2005 national average. In 2007, city leaders such as Sheriff Frank J. Anderson and former Mayor Bart Peterson held rallies in neighborhoods in effort to stop the violence in the city. The murder rate in Indianapolis has been increasing in recent years. Between 2012 and 2014 the murder rate jumped 44%. There were 138 homicides in 2014 and 60% of victims were young black men.^[136]

The immediate downtown area of the city around most main attractions, venues, and museums remain relatively safe. IMPD uses horseback officers and bicycle officers to patrol downtown. Certain areas of Indianapolis remain a challenge for law enforcement officials. Indianapolis was ranked as the 33rd most dangerous city in the U.S. in the 2008–2009 edition of CQ Press's City Crime Rankings and the 22nd most dangerous city according to Yahoo! Finance in 2012.^[137]^[138] Yahoo! Finance also reported that the city averaged 52.2 forcible rapes per 100,000 people. The national average stands at 26.8 forcible rapes per 100,000 people.^[138]

Education

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Primary and secondary education

Indianapolis has eleven unified public school districts (eight township educational authorities and three legacy districts from before the unification of city and county government), each of which providing primary, secondary, and adult education services within its boundaries. The boundaries of these districts do not exactly correspond to township (or traditional) boundaries, but rather cover the areas of their townships that were outside the pre-Unigov city limits. Indianapolis Public Schools, which serves what was the city of Indianapolis prior to the Unigov merger, is the second-largest school corporation in Indiana.

The Archdiocese of Indianapolis operates four private high schools: Bishop Chatard, Roncalli, Cardinal Ritter, and Scecina Memorial. Other private schools include Brebeuf Jesuit, Park Tudor, Cathedral and Heritage Christian.

Higher education

File:Campus Center - IUPUI - DSC00526.JPG

IUPUI's Campus Center in 2011.

File:Jordan435.png

Arthur Jordan Memorial Hall on the campus of Butler University.

Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) was founded in 1969 after merging the branch campuses Indiana University Bloomington and Purdue University. IUPUI's enrollment is currently 30,000, making it the third largest campus for higher learning in Indiana. IUPUI is the flagship university for five Indiana University schools, including the Herron School of Art and Design, Robert H. McKinney School of Law, School of Dentistry, and the School of Medicine. Ivy Tech Community College of Indiana, a state-funded community college, was founded as Indiana Vocational Technical College in 1963. In 2008, Ivy Tech became the state's largest community college system, surpassing Indiana University in enrollment.^[139] With 30 campuses across Indiana, Ivy Tech has a total enrollment of over 174,000 as of the 2010–2011 school year.^[140]

Indianapolis is home to three private universities. Established in 1855, Butler University is the oldest higher education institution in the city and has a student enrollment of about 4,400, and offers over 60 major academic fields of study, eight pre-professional programs, and 19 graduate programs through six academic colleges. Marian University was founded in 1936 when St. Francis Normal and Immaculate Conception Junior College merged. The college moved to Indianapolis in 1937. Marian is currently affiliated with the Roman Catholic Church. Marian has an enrollment of about 2,400 students. The University of Indianapolis is affiliated with the United Methodist Church. Founded in 1902 as Indiana Central University, the school's current enrollment is approximately 5,000 students. The University of Indianapolis prides itself on its teaching and nursing programs, as well as its opportunities to study abroad.

Other institutions of higher education include Martin University and The Art Institute of Indianapolis. Satellite campuses include Ball State University College of Architecture and Planning's Indianapolis Center, Indiana Institute of Technology, Lincoln College of Technology, Oakland City University, University of Phoenix, and Vincennes University's Aviation Technology Center, Harrison College, and the American College of Education.

Libraries

File:IMCPL Central Library Atrium.jpg

Central Library (pictured) is the hub of Indianapolis Public Library's 22-branch system.

Public library services are provided to the citizens of Indianapolis and Marion County by the Indianapolis Public Library. Founded in 1873, the public library system includes the Central Library and 22 branches throughout Marion County. The renovated Central Library building opened on December 9, 2007, ending a controversial multi-year rebuilding plan.^[141] Indianapolis Public Library served 4.2 million patrons in 2014, with a circulation of 15.9 million materials.^[142]

Media

Template:Main Broadcast television network affiliates include WTTV (CBS),^[143] WRTV (ABC),^[144] WISH-TV (CW),^[145] WTHR-TV (NBC),^[146] WXIN-TV (Fox),^[147] WFYI-TV (PBS),^[148] WNDY-TV (MyNetworkTV),^[149] and WDNI-CD (Telemundo).^[150] In 2009, Indianapolis was the 25th largest media market in the United States, with over 1.1 million homes.

The Indianapolis Star serves as the city's primary morning daily newspaper, with a weekday circulation of 255,303 and Sunday circulation of 324,349. Other publications include The Indianapolis Recorder, a weekly newspaper serving the local African-American community, Indianapolis Monthly, Indianapolis Women's Magazine, Indy Men's Magazine, and NUVO. Indianapolis is also corporate headquarters of media conglomerate Emmis Communications. The company owns radio stations and magazines in the United States, Hungary, Slovakia, and Bulgaria.

Infrastructure

Transportation

File:Union Station - Ind tower.JPG

Clock tower of Indianapolis Union Station, the first union station in the world.^[151]

Template:Main Indianapolis was founded on the White River under an incorrect assumption that it would serve as a major transportation artery, but the river proved difficult to navigate and too shallow during much of the year.^[29] After the steamboat Robert Hanna ran aground along the river in 1831, no steamboat successfully returned to Indianapolis. Flatboats continued to transport goods along a portion of the river until new dams impeded their ability to navigate its waters.^[152] The first major federally-funded highway in the U.S., the National Road, reached Indianapolis in 1836,^[29] followed by the railroad in 1847. By 1850, eight railroads converged in the city, ending its isolation from the rest of the country and ushering in a new era of growth.^[153] Indianapolis Union Station opened in the Wholesale District on September 20, 1853 as the world's first union station.^[151] Citizen's Street and Railway Company was established in 1864, operating the city's first mule-drawn streetcar line.^[154]^[155] By 1890, electric-powered streetcars began running.^[156] Opened in 1904, the Indianapolis Traction Terminal was the largest interurban station in the world, handling 500 trains daily and seven million passengers annually.^[157] Ultimately doomed by the automobile, the terminal closed in 1941, followed by the streetcar system in 1957.^[158]

File:Illinois and Washington Sts., Indianapolis cph.3a00173.jpg

"One of the busiest corners in the world," Illinois at Washington streets.

Known as the Crossroads of America, Indianapolis is intersected by four Interstates: Interstate 65, Interstate 69, Interstate 70, and Interstate 74. An auxiliary beltway, Interstate 465, encircles the city. Other critical limited-access highways include the Sam Jones Expressway, U.S. 31, and Indiana State Road 37. The predominant mode of transportation is the automobile, with 92.6 percent of Indianapolis–Carmel–Anderson MSA residents commuting by car, most traveling alone (83.4 percent).^[159] This reliance on the automobile has had a major impact on the city's development patterns, with Walk Score ranking Indianapolis as the 47th most walkable large city in the U.S.^[160] Only 2.7 percent of residents walk or bike to work.^[159] In 2015, the city introduced BlueIndy, an electric carsharing program that will ultimately include 500 electric cars at 200 charging stations throughout the city.^[161]

The Indianapolis Public Transportation Corporation, branded as IndyGo, has operated the city's public transportation system since 1975. Recent efforts to expand mass transit in Central Indiana have been initiated through a $1.2 billion regional bus rapid transit plan called Indy Connect.^[162] The first segment to be constructed will be Phase I of the Red Line, traveling Template:Convert from Broad Ripple Village to the University of Indianapolis.^[163] In 2011, a private company called the Downtown Indianapolis Streetcar Corporation began studying the feasibility of a streetcar circulator for downtown Indianapolis.^[158] Despite only 1 percent of residents commuting via public transportation,^[159] IndyGo had a 2014 ridership of 10.3 million, the highest in 23 years.^[164]

File:IND-Midfield-Front-10112008.jpg

Indianapolis International Airport's Col. H. Weir Cook Terminal in 2008.

Indianapolis International Airport is the busiest airport in the state. The $1.1 billion Col. H. Weir Cook Terminal opened in 2008 as the largest development initiative in Indianapolis history.^[165] The midfield terminal includes 40 gates connecting to ten major domestic and international airlines, serving some 7.36 million passengers annually.^[166] As home to the second-largest FedEx Express hub in the world, Indianapolis International ranks as the sixth busiest U.S. airport in terms of air cargo, handling nearly 1 million metric tons in 2014.^[167]^[168]

Amtrak provides two service lines to Indianapolis via Union Station. The Cardinal (New York—Washington, D.C.—Cincinnati—Indianapolis—Chicago) runs three times a week, while the Hoosier State (to Chicago) runs on days the Cardinal does not operate. Greyhound Lines operates a bus terminal at Indianapolis Union Station, and Megabus has a stop adjacent to the Indianapolis City-County Building. The Indiana University Health People Mover opened in 2003. The Template:Convert-long system connects Indiana University Health's medical centers with related facilities on the IUPUI campus. Though open to the public, the system is privately run. It is currently the only example of light or commuter rail in Indianapolis and is also notable for being the only private transportation system in the U.S. constructed above public streets.^[169]^[170]

Utilities

File:Downtown IPL Building, night.jpg

Indianapolis Power & Light headquarters in 2009.

Electricity is provided by Indianapolis Power & Light. Citizens Energy Group provides natural gas, thermal, water, and wastewater services. Republic Services provides curbside solid waste and recycling removal. Covanta Energy operates a waste-to-energy plant in the city, processing solid waste for steam production. Steam is sold to Citizens Thermal for the downtown Indianapolis heating district.

Health care

Template:See also Indianapolis Emergency Medical Services (IEMS) covers six townships within Indianapolis (Washington, Lawrence, Center, Warren, Perry, and Franklin) as well as the Town of Speedway. IEMS responded to nearly 100,000 emergency dispatch calls in 2014.^[171]

Indiana University Health's Academic Health Center encompasses Marion County, with the medical centers of University Hospital, Methodist Hospital, and Riley Hospital for Children. The Academic Health Center is anchored by the Indiana University School of Medicine, the second-largest medical school in the U.S.^[172] Riley Hospital for Children is among the nation's foremost pediatric health centers, recognized in all ten specialties by U.S. News and World Report, including top 25 honors in orthopedics (23), nephrology (22), gastroenterology and GI surgery (16), pulmonology (13), and urology (4).^[173] The 430-bed facility also contains Indiana's only Pediatric Level I Trauma Center.^[174]

Indianapolis' public medical center, the Sidney and Lois Eskenazi Hospital, reopened in 2013 after a $754 million project to replace Wishard Memorial Hospital on the IUPUI campus. Eskenazi includes an Adult Level I Trauma Center, 315 beds, and 275 exam rooms, annually serving 1.2 million outpatients.^[175] Adjacent to Eskenazi, the Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center is Central Indiana's flagship Veterans Affairs hospital. Located on the city's far north side, St. Vincent Indianapolis Hospital is the flagship medical center of St. Vincent Health's 22-hospital system. St. Vincent Indianapolis includes Peyton Manning Children's Hospital, St. Vincent Heart Center of Indiana, St. Vincent Seton Specialty Hospital, and St. Vincent Women's Hospital. Franciscan St. Francis Health's flagship medical center is located on Indianapolis' far south side.

Community Health Network includes four medical centers in Marion County, including Community Westview Hospital, Community Hospital South, Community Hospital North, and Community Hospital East. Community Hospital East is currently replacing its 60-year-old facility with a $175 million, 150-bed hospital to be completed in 2019.^[176] The campus will also include a $120 million, 159-bed state-funded mental health and chronic addiction treatment facility. The Indiana Neuro-Diagnostic Institute will replace the antiquated Larue D. Carter Memorial Hospital in 2018.^[177]

Notable people